The Role of International Criminal Law in Combating Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery

Abstract
This research critically surveys the contribution of international criminal law (ICL) to the fight against human trafficking and modern slavery, two of the most appalling and recurrent human rights abuses in the modern period. It charts the historical development of ICL in this respect, critically surveys the emergence and application of legal definitions and frameworks, and assesses the efficacy of international tribunals and enforcement regimes. It also considers the intersection between international jurisdictions and domestic jurisdictions with a focus on achievements but also remaining challenges. The doctrinal and comparative methods rely on treaties, case material, and scholarship. Its findings indicate significant advances in the international criminal response but also identify remaining weaknesses in enforcement, cooperation, and protection for victims. Its conclusion is a set of recommendations for the firming up of the international criminal structure but also for enhanced global activity for the ending of human trafficking and modern slavery. Keywords: International Criminal Law, Human Trafficking, Modern Slavery, Enforcement, Jurisdiction, International Tribunals

Author
Halaleh Soleyman Rahman

DOI
https://doi.org/10.23918/ilic10.52

ISSN
ISBN: 979-8-9890269-4-4

Publish Date: 2026-06-10