Assessing the Potential and Limitations of Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture in Bangladesh

Abstract
The conventional farming practices in many developing countries including Bangladesh are heavily dependent on synthetic fertilizers. Because synthetic fertilizers are effective in increasing crop yields compared to organic fertilizer. But it leads to unsustainable agricultural development. The excessive use of chemical inputs has led to soil degradation, nutrient imbalances and environmental pollution, raising concern over long-term food and ecological security. Organic farming relies on the use of organic fertilizers derived from composted plant residues, animal manures, and microbial inputs, and often utilizes microbial-based pest control, providing ecological, nutritional, and environmental benefits through its natural approach to crop health management. This study reviews the status, challenges and opportunities of organic fertilizer use in Bangladesh, with particular attention to its role in improving soil fertility, enhancing food quality and reducing environmental risks. The research employs a literature-based assessment to evaluate both the potential benefits and the constraints associated with organic farming, highlighting its contribution to soil health, food safety and security and environmental sustainability. The meta-analysis data showed that organic farming increases soil microbial activity 32-84%, organic carbon 19% and total nitrogen 13% which indicated the potentiality of organic farming to increase soil fertility as well as productivity. Despite its environmental benefits, the meta-analysis revealed that organic farming yields were 5-34% lower than conventional methods—a significant challenge for widespread adoption. The review emphasized the potential of organic farming to advance sustainable agriculture by aligning food production with ecological balance and long-term soil health, while emphasizing the need to address yield limitations for broader adoption.

Author
Mehdi Rahimi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101346

ISSN
2667-0100

Publish Date: 2025-10-16