Pre-heating Li-battery model for extremely low temperature conditions and role of phase change materials

Abstract
The essential components of electric vehicles and renewable energy systems depend on lithium-ion batteries because they provide high energy density and extended operational life and efficient performance. The operational performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) experiences major deterioration when they operate at temperatures below freezing point. The work examines preheating methods for LIBs through a focus on phase change materials (PCMs) and nano-enhanced PCMs (NEPCMs). The paper evaluates different PCM-based battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) to demonstrate their ability in achieving better thermal distribution and minimizing battery deterioration. The paper establishes a modeling system for NETMLIBs which combines salt hydrates with metallic fins and air-cooling elements for thermal management. The research will explore three main areas of development which include hybrid PCM composites and intelligent control systems and AI-based optimization methods. The research examines advanced battery preheating methods which will improve safety performance and operational efficiency and battery lifespan in cold temperature conditions.

Author
Rasan Sarbast Faisal

DOI
DOI:10.1007/s10973-025-15153-0

ISSN
1588-2926

Publish Date: 26-Dec-2025