Wound-healing effects of bene gum (Pistacia eurycarpa yalt): role of growth factor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mediators

Abstract
Aim: This study evaluates the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of bene gum on a dorsal wound model in rats. Method: An excisional neck wound was created in twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats, and they were randomly assigned to four cages: normal saline (A); 0.2 ml of intrasite gel (B); 2.5% bene gum (C), or 5% of bene gum (D). After two weeks, skin samples from the healed area and serum were obtained for histological and biochemical investigations. Results: The topical application of Bene gum (2.5 and 5%) did not show any overt sign of toxicity (local irritation or swelling); yet, it accelerated wound recovery, indicated by lower wound size and a faster rate of wound closure (90.32 and 93.36%, respectively). The histological evaluation of healed skin from bene gum (2.5% and 5%)-treated rats revealed increased deposition of tissue collagen, increased blood capillaries in the granulated tissue areas, and other histologic features consistent with fibroblast activity. Bene gum application increased angiogenetic factors (TGF-β1) by 9.68% and 54.66%, and hydroxyproline/collagen deposition by 41.62% and 97.12%, respectively, relative to vehicle control. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of bene gum (2.5 and 5%) were confirmed by its up-regulating effects on endogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, interleukin-10, while down-regulating the malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory chemicals (reduced interleukin-6 by 31.40% and 67.11%, and tumor necrosis factor-α by 42.10% and 63.18%, resp.), suggesting modulation of inflammatory mediators associated with wound healing. Conclusion:The outcomes back up the traditional use of bene gum as an effective wound healer.

Author
Mustafa AbdulMonam Zainel

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2026.2645821

ISSN

Publish Date: 2026-04-09