Multi-energy storage integration through a two-stage decentralized peer-to-peer multi-energy market in the multi-vector energy microgrid
Abstract
Multi-vector energy microgrids (MVEMs) are an emerging technology that integrates electricity, heat, hydrogen, and gas at the distribution level for improved sustainability and flexibility. This paper proposes a two-stage peer-to-peer (P2P) multi-energy market for a power‑hydrogen-gas-heat (PHGH) MVEM. In stage one, a centralized multi-energy dispatch optimizer (MDO) schedules distributed energy resources under alternating current (AC) power flow, heat flow, and gas network constraints. In stage two, a continuous double-auction (CDA) P2P market clears bilateral heat and electricity trades and feeds back agreement prices for re-dispatch, enabling cross-carrier arbitrage and coordinated multi-energy storage. The framework coordinates prosumers (PRs) with storage and active consumers (ACs) alongside combined heat and power units (CHPs), photovoltaics (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), electric boilers (EBs), gas boilers (GBs), power-to‑hydrogen gas units (P2Gs), and thermal storage (HSs) across coupled power, gas, and heat distribution networks. Case studies demonstrate operating-cost reductions of 25 % for PRs and 10 % for ACs, along with improved network reliability. Voltage-stability margins increase by 8 %, and gas-pressure profiles remain within limits even during peak demand. We further evaluate robustness under stochastic PV–load scenarios and a sensitivity analysis over key techno-economic parameters: uncertainty causes modest, predictable cost impacts, preserves feasibility in the overwhelming share of scenarios, and slightly slows—but does not destabilize—the MDO↔CDA convergence; sensitivity trends confirm that performance remains resilient near nominal CHP/GB/P2G and storage capacities.
Author
Nashwan Adnan OTHMAN
ISSN
Publish Date: 26-Nov-2025