Misdiagnoses of mental illnesses in clinical practice: factors and recommendations

Abstract
Misdiagnosis of mental illness remains a critical challenge in clinical practice. This article identifies 16 contributing factors, grouped into three overarching domains: diagnostic complexity inherent to mental illness, clinician-level factors, and structural/systemic influences. To address these challenges, we propose 10 actionable recommendations aligned with the same domains. These include structured and comprehensive assessment protocols, investment in clinician training and reflective practice, and the adoption of interdisciplinary models supported by advanced tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital biomarkers. By situating recommendations within the domains of identified challenges, this paper provides a practical roadmap for reducing diagnostic errors and improving patient outcomes in mental health care.

Author
Darya Rostam Ahmed

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/13284207.2025.2579011

ISSN

Publish Date: 3-Nov-2025