Weather, Climate and Climate Change
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any given time and place. Most of the weather that affects people, agriculture, and ecosystems takes place in the lower layer of the atmosphere. Aspects of weather include temperature, precipitation, clouds, and wind that people experience throughout the course of a day. Severe weather conditions include hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, and droughts.
Climate is the long-term average of the weather in a given place. While the weather can change in minutes or hours, a change in climate is something that develops over longer periods of decades to centuries. Climate is defined not only by average temperature and precipitation but also by the type, frequency, duration, and intensity of weather events such as heat waves, cold spells, storms, floods, and droughts.
The concepts of climate and weather are often confused, so it may be helpful to think about the difference between weather and climate with an analogy: weather influences what clothes you wear on a given day, while the climate where you live influences the entire wardrobe you buy.
The Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns. These changes have a broad range of observed effects on the human activities and, health and life of all kinds of living on the earth surface.
Changes observed in Earth’s climate since the mid-20th century are driven by human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere, raising Earth’s average surface temperature (https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/what-is-climate-change/ ). Natural processes, which have been overwhelmed by human activities, can also contribute to climate change, including internal variability (e.g., cyclical ocean patterns like El Niño, La Niña and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, known as Southern Oscillations) and external forcing (e.g., volcanic activity, change in the Sun’s energy output, variations in Earth orbit).
Scientists use observations from the ground, air, and space, along with computer models, to monitor and study past, present, and future climate change. Climate data records provide evidence of climate change key indicators, such as global land and ocean temperature increases; rising sea levels; ice loss at Earth’s poles and in mountain glaciers; frequency and severity changes in extreme weather such as hurricanes, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, floods, and precipitation; and cloud and vegetation cover changes.
“Climate change” and “global warming” are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings, as the terms "weather" and "climate" are sometimes overlapping, though they refer to events with broadly different spatial- and timescales.
Global Warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere. This term is not interchangeable with the term "climate change.
This graph illustrates the change in global surface temperature relative to 1951-1980 average temperatures, with the year 2020 statistically tying with 2016 for hottest on record (Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies).
Since the pre-industrial period, human activities are estimated to have increased Earth’s global average temperature by about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), a number that is currently increasing by more than 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade. The current warming trend is unequivocally the result of human activity since the 1950s and is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over millennia.
Knowledge University-Erbil (https://www.knu.edu.iq) is one of the top most private university located in Erbil, the Capital of Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The university consist of 9 Colleges which all together hold s some 23 Scientific departments. The university offers bachelor degree in various fields of learning. The Language of learning is English, Kurdish and Arabic.
Knowledge University has been accredited by ASIC, and licensed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of both Kurdistan Region and Central Government of Iraq.
The university campus has been considered as the top green campus in the region with more than 75% of the total area is green. The knowledge university green campus has the major contribution in reducing the impact of the drought and climate change on the climate and the environment of the city of Erbil. Knowledge University believes in the efforts to be done as a support of local, national and international campaign to reduce the climate change.
Accordingly, this page, the Climate Change, was added to the university website, hoping all success to all.
For more information contact: Mohammed Azeez Saeed ( [email protected] ); 00964(0) 750 462 2954
زانکۆی نۆڵج – هەولێر یەکێکە لە باشترین و بەناوبانگترین زانکۆی تایبەت لە هەرێمی کوردوستان و عێڕاق. کامپەسی زانکۆی نۆڵج پێک هاتووە لە نۆ کۆڵێژ و ٢٣ بەشی زانستی. بڕوانامەی بەکالۆریۆس دەبەخشێ لە بوارە جیاکانی زانست. زمانەکانی خوێندن بریتین لە زمانی ئینگلیزی و کوردی و عەرەبی. زانکۆی نۆڵج متەمانە پێکراوە لەلایەن ڕێکخراوی ئەسیکی نیۆدەوڵەتی و وەزارەتی خوێندنی باڵای هەرێمی کوردوستان و وەزارەتی خوێندنی باڵای عێڕاق.
زانکۆی نۆڵج بە جوانترین و سەوزترین کەمپەس لە ناوچەکە هەژمارکراوە. ڕووبەری زیاتر لە سەدا حەفتاوپێنجی سەوزایی و باغ و باغاتە. ئەوەش سیمایەک و کەش و ژینگەیکی دڵڕفێنی بە خشیوە بە شاری هەولێر و فێرخوازان ئارەزووی خوێندن دەکەن .
لەبەر گرینگی بابەتی گۆڕانی کەش و هەوا لەسەر ئاستی خۆجێی و نیشتیمانی و نێودەوڵەتی ، زانکۆی نۆڵج هاوبەشی هەمووان دەکات بۆ بەرەنگاربوونەوەی ئەو دیاردە سروشتیە. بۆ ئەو مەبەستە ڵاپەڕەی گۆڕانی کەش و هەوا زیادکرا بۆ ماڵپەڕی زانکۆی نۆڵج. بە هیوای سەرکەوتن.
بۆ زانیاری زیاتر، پەیوەندی بکە بە پ.ی.محەمەد عزیز سەعید