Population- and Gender-Based Investigation for Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Dhamar, Yemen

Abstract
Among 35 species of genus Helicobacter, H. pylori is the most common causative agent of human gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric\r\ncancer. -e infection can spread through direct human-to-human contact, fecal–oral route, and contaminated water. -e study\r\nwas designed to investigate the rate of prevalence of H. pylori in the population of Dhamar, Yemen. In this one-year study, 460\r\nincluding 250 male and 210 female stool specimens were collected between January to December 2020 in Dhamar Governorate,\r\nYemen. Of the total 460, 215 rural (male: n = 120 and female: n = 95) and 245 urban (male: n = 130 and female: n = 115) specimens\r\nwere investigated for identi=cation of H. pylori by serological test using Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. In addition,\r\nfor comparing an improved recovery of H. pylori, conventional culture-based isolation was also carried out using three selective\r\nmedia. Modi=ed Campy-blood Agar (MCA), Belo Horizonte Agar (BHA), and Egg yolk Emulsion (EYE) medium supplemented\r\nwith antimicrobial agents including vancomycin (10 mg/L), cefsulodin (5 mg/L), trimethoprim (5 mg/L), and amphotericin B\r\n(5 mg/L) and isolates were phenotypically characterized. -e HpSA test results revealed that of the total 460 specimens, 89 (19.3%)\r\nwere positive for H. pylori with relatively low in male (n = 43; 17.2%) as compared to the female (n = 46; 21.9%) specimens. After\r\n3–10 days of incubation, H. pylori was recovered at a variable rate on each selective (MCA:16.5%; BHA:15.0%; EYE: 13.0%) media.\r\nHowever, culture-based assay results showed less recovery (n = 81; 17.6%) with no signi=cant diDerence among all selective media\r\ntested and between genders (male: n = 39; 15.6%; female: n = 42; 20.0%). -e infection rate was comparatively higher in rural\r\n(n = 45; 20.9%) as compared to urban (n = 36; 14.7%) population. Overall, the study data showed the prevalence of infection in\r\nboth genders of all age groups. -e present study showed a relatively high rate of infection of H. pylori in the Dhamar population.\r\n-e serological identi=cation and culture-based methods are important for rapid detection, aid in treatment, and developing\r\npolicies for the control and eradication of H. pylori infection and to prevent the disease in diDerent age groups in Yemen.

Author
Dhary Alewy Almashhadany

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3800810

Publisher
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

ISSN
ISSN: 2291-2797 (Online)

Publish Date: